Female Characters in Beowulf Essay - 1278 Words

Comparison between Female Characters in Beowulf Beowulf, the Old English epic tells the story of one brave hero and his battles against evil monsters. The poem deals with mostly masculine elements like fight descriptions, depictions of armor and long inspiring speeches. However, the women characters in the epic also have important roles and they are far from being superficial, as it may seem at first. There are several female figures in Beowulf; this paper will focus on three of them- queen Wealhtheow of the Danes, queen Hygd of the Geats and Grendels mother. These characters have many parallels between them but in a way some are the alter-ego of the others. Wealhtheow is the perfect hostess and devoted queen and wife. Her first†¦show more content†¦Taking vengeance for warriors death is noble but Grendels mothers attentions are condemned by the poet Ââ€" she cannot be noble and she cannot act upon warriors code of honor; this notion comes from the fact that she is not really human and more important- she is a female. The queen Wealhtheow cannot separate her own identity from her formal duties that are part of being Hrotgars wife; her identity cannot exist without the male figure of her life- her king. One can claim that Hrotgars generosity and prosperity are defined through Wealhtheows actions: when Beowulf first arrives at Heorot he receives his cup of mead from the queen only after many other men in the hall, however, when he defeats Grendel Beowulf receives his mead right after the king. This act emphasizes the fact that Beowulf has become an important and highly respected person in king Hrotgars eyes. Then again, when Beowulf arrives home, to king Hygelacs hall his queen Hygd: Â…Moved about with the mead-jag in her hand, filling the cups that the warriors held out (lines 1981-1983). There are no details of the order of mead pouring and that is because Beowulf is home; the king does not need to present his power or his respect towards him, these are common knowledge. We find that Hygds acti ons are not specified here because the kings intentions are not specified- they are clear to the present company. This motive of a woman who cannot separate her identity fromShow MoreRelatedFemale Characters In Beowulf805 Words   |  4 Pages In Beowulf, several different female characters are introduced, and each woman has unique characteristics. The women in Beowulf are portrayed as tough individuals, each of whom has an explicit role within the poem. There are some who are cast as the kind hostesses of the mead halls, such as Wealhtheow and Hygd, while others, Grendels mother, satisfy the role of a monstrous undesirable human. The womans role of the time period, authors approach, and societal expectations for women are proven duringRead MoreFemale Characters In Beowulf890 Words   |  4 Pages The poet uses female characters in Beowulf to reinforce the limits of female autonomy. The male heroism and its importance, overshadowed and minimalized the significance of women in the poem of Beowulf. The appearance of women is brief and limited however their roles are fundamental. Six women are introduced throughout the poem Wealhtheow and Hygd, Hildeburh and Freawaru, Thyrth and Grendel’s mother, the women play various roles and reinforce the limits of female autonomy differently. The womenRead MoreEssay on Comparison between Female Characters in Beowulf1203 Words   |  5 PagesComparison between Female Characters in Beowulf   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beowulf, the Old English epic tells the story of one brave hero and his battles against evil monsters. The poem deals with mostly masculine elements like fight descriptions, depictions of armor and long inspiring speeches. However, the women characters in the epic also have important roles and they are far from being superficial, as it may seem at first. There are several female figures in Beowulf; this paper will focus on three of them- queenRead MoreEssay on Womens Role in Beowulf1707 Words   |  7 PagesWealhtheow: The Role of Women in Beowulf Beowulf is an epic tale written over twelve hundred years ago. In the poem, several different female characters are introduced, and each woman possesses detailed and unique characteristics. The women in Beowulf are portrayed as strong individuals, each of whom has a specific role within the poem. Some women are cast as the cup-bearers and gracious hostesses of the mead halls, such as Wealhtheow and Hygd, while others, Grendels mother, fulfill the roleRead MoreA Comparison Of Thor And Beowulf728 Words   |  3 Pages Beowulf has delighted and intrigued a wide array of people for centuries. The timeless nature is visible in modern-day extensions of this epic, through heroics and battles of good versus malevolent forces. Beowulf continues to appeal to sophisticated audiences because it tells the story of a great hero prevailing over evil, a timeless theme valued by society and portrayed by his counterparts in modern media, although these new heroes display more complex qualities. Beowulf can be compared to MarvelRead MoreEssay on The Role of Women in Beowulf1640 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Women in Beowulf Beowulf is an epic tale written over twelve hundred years ago. In the poem, several different female characters are introduced, and each woman possesses detailed and unique characteristics. The women in Beowulf are portrayed as strong individuals, each of whom has a specific role within the poem. Some women are cast as the cup-bearers and gracious hostesses of the mead halls, such as Wealhtheow and Hygd, while others, Grendels mother, fulfill the role of a monstrousRead MoreAnglo-Saxon Literature Was Composed Between The Years 6501510 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature was composed between the years 650 and 1110. Beowulf is one of the most famous epics written during this time. It’s also known as the oldest surviving Germanic epic and the longest Old English poem. Most stories written during this time were about the deeds of warriors, heroic acts, and religion. Beowulf is a warrior from the Geats who is asked to come protect king Hrothgar from an attack by a sea monster named Grendel. All of these characters are men. There are very few epics from this timeRead MoreBeowulf Movie Critic Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesBeowulf Movie Critic Do you envision a strong female role or a male role as your hero? In my opinion the Beowulf movie was a thumbs up, due to Angelina Jolie’s use of seduction and female wiles. Angelina is a critical character who drives the plot. In the movie, her character of Grendel’s mother overshadows Beowulf‘s character as a hero. This is in drastic contrast to the original poem ‘Beowulf’ because in the original, women were not valued and they had no important role. Grendel’s mother differsRead MoreEssay On Shakespeare s Beowulf 1346 Words   |  6 PagesHaddijatou Konateh Beowulf paper Dr. Murray ENGL 2111 October 19th, 2015 Role of Women in Beowulf Beowulf was an epic written more than twelve hundred years ago. Women characters are presented, and every woman has one-of-a-kind attributes. The women in Beowulf are depicted as hard working people, each of whom has a role within the poem. Throughout the epic, distinctive women do things such as serve mead, give speeches, and take care of the mead-hall. This shows how important women were to this cultureRead MoreRethinking Gender And Space On Old English Literature877 Words   |  4 PagesGender and Space in Old English Literature Beowulf and The Wife’s Lament are written between 100 and 1600 centuries. There has been different interpretation of the poems, some, an attempt to fit the events in the poems into the 21st century which has led to distortions and misrepresentation especially of the female characters and their representation in these poems. According to Shari Horner, twentieth century critics have tried to read women in Beowulf particularly as garrulous, weak, and dispassionate

Mega Vid Strategic Plan 2015 - 1130 Words

Mega-vid Strategic Plan 2015 Various media reports have criticized Mega-Vid, claiming that several of the video games we released over the years, are too violent. Additionally, claims that individuals who engage in playing these games regularly, may become violent as the games are seen as encouraging violence. The media is portraying Mega-Vid as a â€Å"sin company†, which is not the image our company wants to portray. Due to the recent negative attention, sales for the 3rd quarter have slightly fallen below projection. In an effort to determine the best approach to address the above mentioned challenges, our strategic planning team examined the strategic plans of both Coca-Cola and Marlboro. Both companies have faced similar challenges in the past. We evaluated their solutions to determine if Mega-vid could adapt any of their successful resolutions to add to our plan. Coca Cola determined their sales were flat in 2004. Components of their strategic plan included: Provide a clear company vision grounded in brand belief behavior Focus and find efficiencies in core business Expand business wisely (pick regions and markets that have a need) Improve leadership training and employee feedback systems so employees perform at their best Foster open communication with key stakeholders (consumers, customers, shareholders) Empower employees to bring your vision to life (let them own the plan) Setup unifying systems for internal communication, so everyone is on the same pageShow MoreRelatedPG India Supply Chain Analysis11039 Words   |  45 Pagesimplemented considering its positions as smaller player? What it needs to do differently to build an effective supply chain to meet the local specific demand? In December 2008, while the world was cutting down production and halted all expansion plans the Pamp;G announced to build 19 production plants in developing countries like Malaysia, Romania, India and Pakistan. Pamp;G has now adopted a purpose-inspired growth strategy which is to be cost effective to produce more affordable goods for low-income

Scarlet Letter- The Human INclination to Love Free Essays

The Human Inclination to Love In writing The Scarlet Letter, author Nathaniel Hawthorne was immersed in the era of transcendentalism and romanticism that so greatly influenced his work. Defining the movement was the concept that humans are inherently good in their nature and if they are left to their own devices ultimately they will do that good uncorrupted (Chase 109). Within The Scarlet Letter, this is brought to full awareness through the nature of Puritan society in the early English colony of Boston, Massachusetts. We will write a custom essay sample on Scarlet Letter- The Human INclination to Love or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a civilized, religious, and refined community this setting was foiled by the neighboring nd unexplored North American wilderness, in which the untouched and uncivilized human nature lurked amidst the shadows by society’s standards. These settings assisted the specific character development of both Hester Prynne and Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale through the way they came to illustrate the human conditions of the human response to alienation by others, the human struggle between good and evil, and most significantly the inclination for humans to love. Furthermore, in the unique way both Hester and Dimmesdale share struggles and triumphs of human nature, along with the acceptance of their love for one another as influenced by the etting around them, is what allows the novel to be viewed as a romance. As it was established, the Puritan colony at Boston was meant to serve as an escape from the corrupted Church of England across seas and was to provide a place for a Marks 2 purified organization concerned with adherence to scripture, sermon, and above all doing good for the behalf of God. This gave to the affect that the Puritans of Boston did not want their community stained by the abomination that is sin. Upon Hester’s emergence from the prison towards the scaffold a community woman violently roclaimed, â€Å"At the very least, they should have put the brand of a hot iron on Hester Prynee’s forehead† (Hawthorne 60). This stagnant mindset for the community based upon the call for castigation is what brought to affect Hester’s symbol of the crimson â€Å"A†, that which she war forced to wear openly on her breast. The actions and reactions of the defined Puritan settlement set in motion the change in Hester through the course of events of the novel. Graciously Hester accepted with stride her initial humiliation upon the scaffold in which the entire community became aware she was an adulteress. She perfectly reacted to this stringent society to address the question of how as humans we respond to the alienation from others around us. Hester responded in her own original manner primarily through her repentance to discover the virtue of truth and self-satisfaction her scarlet letter embodied. Hester never attempted to free herself from her fate. She could have escaped Boston, however, she decided to continue to be a productive member of society with her cottage on the outskirts of town and sewing business. In addition, she continued to be an active member of the church to further her penance. Hawthorne writes, â€Å"It is the credit of human nature, that, except where its selfishness is brought into play, it loves more readily than it hates† (173). Hester developed to appease the society in which she lived as to make the best of the situation she had created for herself, her daughter Pearl, and partner in sin and lover Reverend Dimmesdale. She welcomed readily a seltless lite sne brought upon herself and lived for others as a symbol for the town. This was reflected in the way Hester transformed herself into a simple woman; she bound up her beautiful hair and wore drab clothing. She was a very attractive woman, however, she sacrificed this in the knowledge she acquired from her sin of passion and physical attraction. In return society came to conclude that Hester’s embodiment in the scarlet â€Å"A† had come to signify Hester’s unique strength in its newly found representation of the word â€Å"Able† (Hawthorne 175). The scarlet â€Å"A† came to change meaning with Hester’s maturing in virtue. The setting came to forgive Hester, better her character, and ultimately do well for her. She bared the amount of strength necessary and was thoroughly able to conquer the evils of her sin through her epentance. Hawthorne writes, â€Å"Shame, Despair, Solitude! These had been her teachers† (215). Hester’s goodness of character developed from her repentance is what allowed her to help sustain her lover and partner in sin Dimmesdale in his struggle between good and evil, helping to kindle their feelings for each other. Reverend Dimmesdale and Hester Prynne both fell into their sin far apart from what was acceptable by standards of Boston. According to Hawthorne, â€Å"This had been a sin of passion, not of principle, nor even purpose† (215). It was a sin of adultery, ltimately caused by the part of human nature that falls into physical attraction and passion. The sin of adultery as committed willingly together by Hester and Dimmesdale can parallel with the surrounding unexplored wilderness around Boston, which symbolizes in affect the evils and temptations humanity can come to fall to in its nature. Although the character of the wilderness surrounding the strict Puritan community at Marks 4 Boston may have lured Dimmesdale and Hester into their sin, the role of this setting changes throughout the novel. It becomes a sanctuary compared to Dimmesdale’s truggle between good and evil in his decision whether to confess his hidden sin or not. The Puritan community in which Dimmesdale ministered served only as a place of his anguish and evil within for him, while the wilderness served to be a safe haven and place of goodness for the sake of his sanity. It also served for the ignition of his more emotional relationship with Hester. Therefore the integrity of Dimmesdale’s heart comes to be the developing factor to his character. As minister of Boston, Dimmesdale held the identity of the community; he was the epitome of holiness. All arishioners of the community looked to him to be the carrier of people’s sins and sufferings. However, unlike Hester who had openly the â€Å"A† on her chest allowing open repentance, Dimmesdale had no outlet for his evils enclosed in his inner heart while trapped by Puritan society and he was wearily clouded with guilt. He stood on no scaffold because he lacked the courage to confess he had trespassed against the sanctity of his position and his community. This when shed real light upon reveals that the setting itself caused Dimmesdale to betray his own heart and state of mind rather than anything else. Life in society served no assistance to Dimmesdale in his struggle of the human condition that is good against evil. Not any repetition of self- flogging or fasting could bring Dimmesdale closure to his actions. Ironically the setting that provided him with his anguish of sin gave him the â€Å"moral blossom† of humanity that Hawthorne regards (56). This is love. The culmination of Dimmesdale’s triumph ot evil came in his torest conversation witn Hester where their love is tlnally fully culminated. They are revealed Marks 5 as completely human and represent in a sense a new Adam and Eve. Both couples ad sinned together and had been punished for having violated the rules of their setting. Both Dimmesdale and Hester were fraught to bring an end toa close with the society in which they trespassed against, much as like Adam and Eve were reduced to a compromise with God himself after violating his one law in their setting of the Garden of Eden. However, regardless of what was to be of their fate, both pairs always were to be perpetually bonded. The sanctity of Hester and Dimmesdale’s relationship was fully revealed in the way the sin they committed together created a similarity in compassion for one another and a need to help one nother. After seven years of no contact between Dimmesdale and his love, the confirmation that Hester gives Dimmesdale that she still loves him is the help that allows Dimmesdale to finally confess his sin. Therefore, it is truly the nature of man to require human love that allows Dimmesdale to finally triumph the evil he suffers and confess at the final scaffold scene. The knowledge that he was loved in midst of all the suffering he had experienced allowed for an end to a close to the situation created by sin and all the evils that surrounded him and Hester. Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale represented the human condition to turn to temptation; in this case it was against the Puritan community, making it necessary for the strife each Hester and Dimmesdale had for their redemption, bringing them ever so close together in their love. A romance is specifically defined as an emotional attraction or aura belonging to an especially heroic era, adventure, or activity (â€Å"Romance†). Hester’s and Dimmesdale’s love for one another came to an apex through the struggle they faced together in their setting in Puritan society and the trials of the human condition it brought Marks 6 forth. How to cite Scarlet Letter- The Human INclination to Love, Papers

Disease and Patients in ICU

Question: Discuss about the Disease and Patients in ICU. Answer: Introduction: Aggression and anger are common among the aged people with dementia and Alzheimers disease. Anxiety and agitation are also common in elderly with chronic conditions such as Alzheimers disease and patients in ICU. Early in this disease, aged people may undergo irritability andanxiety. Later in the disease, persons usually develop agitation. Depression can be a consequence of Alzheimers disease, dementia and chronic diseases. Alzheimer'sand progressive dementias are the main causes ofhallucinations among the aged. The core underlying source ofmemory lossandconfusionis the progressive impairment of brain cells triggered byAlzheimer'sdisease (Solomon et al. 2014). Two tools to report on behaviors of concern Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist tool measure observablebehavioral It is recommended as a reliable and valid tool to report on behaviors of concern in the clinical settings (Jackson et al. 2014). Behavior Documentation Toolkit covers the strategies of challenging behaviors, delivers an understanding of analyzation method of those behaviors, and offers valuable practical resources (Lum et al. 2015). Management strategies Management strategies for preventing aggression and anger consist of avoiding the situation that can initiate fear, anxiety, and frustration. Effective communication and encouraging them to vent their emotional state can be effective. It extreme conditions it may be indispensable to take away the person to an isolated area away from the others (Karel et al. 2012). Interventions to cope with anxiety and agitation involve eliminating or modifying the stimuli. Distraction is a usual approach to extricating harmful feelings. Music therapy can be very useful in these cases as a source of distraction and relaxation. Reassuring communication from the caregiver is important. Pharmacological managements include the use of sedatives or analgesics (Lum et al. 2015). Psychological interventions can be very effective in depression. Management guidelines recommend cognitive therapies, behavioral therapies, supportive psychotherapies, interpersonal therapies and problem-solving for the older people (Solomon et al. 2014). Several antipsychotics are effective in the management of hallucination. Transcranial magnetic stimulation, hallucination-focused integrative treatment psychoeducation, cognitive behavior therapy are some useful methods. Many coping strategies are there to manage hallucination (Jackson et al. 2014). Approaches for coping with memory loss involves lie story and reminiscence works. Cognitive stimulation therapy and cognitive rehabilitation can assist to improve the quality of life (Karel et al. 2012). Impact Aggressive and angry patients can harm themselves and their careers. Carers of old patients can find aggression to be frustrating, challenging, and often highly distressing. In old age, anxiety and agitation can be very strong and persistent. This can interfere with a person's everyday life. Major depression can influence coronary artery disease or stroke and people with depression have a higher death rate after a heart attack. Depression also poses the potential threat of self-harm and suicidal thoughts. The overwhelming burden on the carer associated with caring depressed persons can negatively influence their personal lives. Hallucination and memory loss can place the patients in an utter confusing state. All these behaviors can create burden and grief on the caregiver and impact the quality of life of both the client and carer (Ornstein and Gaugler 2012). References Jackson, M.A., Fauth, E.B. and Geiser, C., 2014. Comparing the neuropsychiatric inventory and the revised memory and behavior problems checklist for associations with caregiver burden and depressive symptoms.International Psychogeriatrics,26(06), pp.1021-1031. Karel, M.J., Gatz, M. and Smyer, M.A., 2012. Aging and mental health in the decade ahead: what psychologists need to know.American Psychologist,67(3), p.184. Lum, H.D., Sudore, R.L. and Bekelman, D.B., 2015. Advance care planning in the elderly.Medical Clinics of North America,99(2), pp.391-403. Ornstein, K. and Gaugler, J.E., 2012. The problem with problem behaviors: a systematic review of the association between individual patient behavioral and psychological symptoms and caregiver depression and burden within the dementia patientcaregiver dyad.International Psychogeriatrics,24(10), pp.1536-1552. Solomon, A., Mangialasche, F., Richard, E., Andrieu, S., Bennett, D.A., Breteler, M., Fratiglioni, L., Hooshmand, B., Khachaturian, A.S., Schneider, L.S. and Skoog, I., 2014. Advances in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.Journal of internal medicine,275(3), pp.229-250.

Tnb-Financial Analysis Essay Example

Tnb-Financial Analysis Paper INTRODUCTION OF CORPORATION PROFILE3 TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 1998-2007 i)PROFITABILITY RATIOS AND SALES REVENUE5 ii)LEVERAGE MANAGEMENT 9 iii)EARNINGS PER SHARE11 iv)LIQUIDITY RATIOS12 v) FIXED ASSET TURNOVER15 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY17 REFERENCE18 APPENDIX 1: RAW DATA APPENDIX 2: ANNUAL REPORT 1998-2007 INTRODUCTION OF CORPORATION PROFILE Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) is the largest utility company in Malaysia. It is also the largest power company in Southest Asia with RM65 billion worth of assets serving over six million customers throughout Peninsular Malaysia and the eastern state of Sabah. Its core activities are generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. TNB is the only Malaysian energy company to rank among the top 50 energy companies in Asia in 2006 (based on the Platts’s survey of the top 250 Global Energy Companies) while internationally it is ranked as 168th. TNB was formed in 1990 by the Electricity Supply Successor Company Act 1990, as the successor of the National Electricity Board of the States of Malaya (Lembaga Letrik Negara Tanah Melayu). It was listed on the Bursa Saham Securities Berhad in the year 1990. TNB Group currently has a complete power supply system generating capacity of about 11,200 MW. In Peninsular Malaysia, TNB contributes to 55 percent of the total industry capacity through six thermal stations and three major hydroelectric schemes. It also manages the transmission network i. e. National Grid which links TNB power stations and IPPs to the distribution network. The National Grid is linked via 132kV HVAC and 300 kV HVDC interconnection to Thailand and 230kV cables to Singapore. TNB’s distribution network is managed through a comprehensive distribution system; customer service centres and calls management centres. We will write a custom essay sample on Tnb-Financial Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tnb-Financial Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tnb-Financial Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Through its subsidiaries, TNB is also involves in the manufacturing of transformer, high voltage switchgears and cables, provision of professional consultancy services, architectural, civil and electrical engineering works and services, repair and maintenance, research and development and project management services. TNB also offers higher education through its university – University Tenaga Malaysia (Uniten). The Group mission is â€Å"We Are Committed to Excellence in Our Products and Services† FINANCIAL ANALYSIS (1998 – 2007) The purpose of this chapter will cover the analysis of financial statement from year 1998 to 2007 of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) to help evaluate the operating performance and financial positions. Operating performance analysis focuses on how well the organization is matching revenues and expenses or expenditures while financial position analysis focuses on how well positioned the organization is to pay its bills. The Groups principal activities are generating, transmitting, distributing, operating and selling electricity . Other activities include repairing, testing and maintaining power plants, providing engineering, procurement and construction services for power plants related products, assembling and manufacturing high voltage switchgears, coal mining and trading . Operations are carried out in Malaysia, Mauritius, Pakistan, India and Indonesia. Profitability Ratio And Sales Revenue Profitability ratio has increased tremendously from a negative 28% in 1998 to a positive 18% in 2007. This shows how well TNB is performing by analyzing profit earned relative to sales, total assets and net worth. The Group recorded a 14. per cent growth in revenue to RM23,320. 4 million in FY2007 from RM20,384. 2 million in FY2006 and 110 per cent growth in revenue from RM11,075. 6 million in FY1998. This can be seen in a staggered rise and was driven by various factors such as the implementation of the new tariff structure which took effect in the middle of Y2006, foreign exchange translation gains and a 5. 3 per cent increase in electricity demand. This is also reflected by higher electricity sales which increased by RM2. 7 billion or 13. 6% and cost savings. EBITDA increased to 37. 6 per cent compared to 35. per cent last year while net profit increased by 90. 9 per cent from RM2,126. 9 million (Y2006) to RM4,061. 1 (Y2007) million which is almost double the amount; and also a huge increase from a loss of RM3,093. 9 in Y1998. TABLE 1:TNB PROFITABILITY RATIOS 1998 2007 Ratio/Year1998199920002001200220032004200520062007 NET PROFIT MARGIN-0. 280. 070. 100. 150. 060. 060. 050. 070. 100. 17 ROA-0. 070. 020. 030. 040. 020. 020. 010. 020. 030. 06 ROE-0. 240. 060. 090. 130. 050. 070. 050. 080. 110. 17 TABLE 2: TNB CHANGES IN SALES REVENUE 1998 – 2007 RM/Year1998199920002001200220032004200520062007 Sales Revenue (RM million)11075. 6011716. 1013220. 00 13,951. 80 15375. 1016457. 8017712. 1018326. 4019707. 4022384. 00 FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4 Leverage Management Apart from registering its highest profit ever, the Group has for the past reduced its loan from RM27. 1 billion in Y2006 to RM23. 9 billion in Y2007. For the past 3 years, a major restructuring of loan has been done. As we can see of RM32. 4 billion in Y2004 to RM23. 9 billion in Y2007, reflecting a RM8. 5 billion or 26. 2 per cent reduction. During the same period, TNB has managed to collect RM553 million from major delinquent debtors and also eduction in theft. Due to the various cost management initiatives undertaken by the Management, the Company has realised around RM2. 4 billion in terms of value creation since 2004. TNB also saw increasing foreign investors’ interest in its shares, when foreign shareholding reached 28. 4 per cent in May 2007; it’s highest since the Company’s privati sation. Given the continued strong financial outcomes, the Company is poised to undertake appropriate growth opportunities within its core business areas. TABLE 5: TNB LEVERAGE MANAGEMENT RATIO 1998 2007 Ratio/Year1998199920002001200220032004200520062007 DEBT RATIO0. 70. 70. 70. 70. 70. 70. 70. 70. 70. 6 DEBT-TO-EQUITY2. 22. 41. 91. 72. 12. 22. 21. 861. 40. 78 FIGURE 5 FIGURE 6 Earnings Per Share During the year 2007, the Board announced a dividend policy for the purpose of providing stable and sustainable dividends to shareholders while maintaining an efficient capital structure and ensuring sufficient funding for future growth. Under this policy, TNB will distribute 40-60 per cent of the Company’s annual free cash flow as dividends. As such, the Board of Directors is recommending a final gross dividend of 16. sen per ordinary share less income tax of 26 per cent to shareholders of the Company. Together with the interim dividend of RM632 million, the total dividend declared for this Financial Year amounts to an estimated RM1,154. 5 million. From track record Y1998 to Y2007, Y2007 has the highest payout. This change of a negative EPS of 99. 8 sen in Y1998 to a turnaround posit ive 94. 9sen in Y2007 (an 81% increase compare to Y2006 of 52. 5sen). TABLE 6 : CHANGES IN EPS 1998 2007 Ratio/Year1998199920002001200220032004200520062007 EPS-99. 824. 942. 967. 830. 734. 126. 132. 052. 594. 9 FIGURE 7 Liquidity Ratio The current ratio can give a sense of the efficiency of a companys operating cycle or its ability to turn its product into cash. It measures a companys ability to pay short-term obligations. Liquidity ratios measure the short-term ability of the entity to pay its maturing obligations and to meet unexpected needs for cash. As per the above calculation, current ratio and quick ration for TNB decrease from year 1998 to 2000 but increase from 2000 to 2007. The increase in both current and quick ratios from 2000 to 2007 indicates improvement in liquidity (Current ratio from 0. 5 times in 2000 increased to 1. times in 2007; quick ration from 0. 4 times in 2000 to 1. 2 in 2007). The current ratio means for every dollar of current liabilities, in year 2007, TNB has $1. 50 of current assets compare to 1998 which has only $0. 80. While for quick ratio, TNB performed quite well too. Ratio increased from year 2000 to 2007. The peak was in year 2004 with the quick ratio of 1. 4. The company is â €˜cash rich’ and able to pay off short-term obligations without relying on the sale of inventories. TABLE 4: TNB LIQUIDITY RATIO 1998 2007 Ratio/Year1998199920002001200220032004200520062007 CURRENT RATIO0. 0. 70. 50. 70. 80. 91. 71. 21. 41. 5 QUICK RATIO0. 60. 50. 40. 60. 60. 51. 411. 11. 2 FIGURE 8 FIGURE9 Fixed Assets Turnover Assets management ratios measure how effectively TNB is managing its assets. Fixed assets turnover ratio for the company is increasing from the year 1999 to 2007, from 0. 27 to 0. 41, 51% improvement over 9 years of business operation. Over the 9 years TNB’s total assets turnover ratio increased from 0. 25 times in 1999 to 0. 34 times in 2007. This indicates that the company is generating sufficient volume of business given its total assets investment. Sales increased, some assets were sold, or a combination of these steps had been taken. TABLE 3: TNB ASSET MANAGEMENT RATIOS 1998 – 2007 Ratio/Year1998199920002001200220032004200520062007 FIXED-ASSET TURNOVER0. 280. 270. 290. 290. 300. 320. 330. 350. 370. 41 TOTAL ASSET TURNOVER0. 260. 250. 260. 260. 270. 270. 280. 300. 310. 34 FIGURE 10 FIGURE 11 Executive Summary In summary, it can be seen that Tenaga Nasional Berhad has increased its performance quite steadily for the past ten years. It has managed to improve its performance from losses to steady growth of earnings and profit. It has done by steadily increasing its tariff, earnings from foreign exchange translation gains and increase in electricity demand. Tenaga Nasional Berhad are also able to manage its debt by decreasing it quite considerably. The company managed to collect its debt from major delinquent debtors and also reduction in theft. Though its total revenue increases, there is large escalation in total operating cost. This in turns has resulted into slight decrease of its profit margin. It has shift its operation towards fuel- fix in order to reduce the cost of coal usage and also maximizing its gas and hydro usage from its multi-fuel plants. The rising coal price has increase the total fuel cost. However its foreign exchange gain and continued effort in cost management has increased its pre tax profit. TNB would need to resort to the capital market to finance its capital expenditure requirements due to increases in operating cost and requirement to enhance its electricity supply reliability. TNB also has plans to further increase its tariff in 2008 due to the increasing cost i. e. the increase in the selling price of independent power plant (IPP) where it purchases some of its energy requirement This has lead to a lot of debate in the government and also its consumer. There are pressures for TNB to review its current contract with the various IPP to ensure that TNB will be able to fully benefit and earn a profit from its agreement with them. It remains to be seen if TNB will do so despite pressure from its consumer to not increase the tariff. In conclusion, TNB should be able to sustain its current growth and further increase if profit. However TNB must be mindful of its operational cost in order for it to sustain its profit. REFERENCE ?Tenaga Nasional Berhad Annual Reports 1999-2007 ?www. tnb. com. my ?http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tenaga_Nasional

The Rape of Nanking essays

The Rape of Nanking essays I have read the book titled The Rape of Nanking. This book is appropriately titled due to the subject matter it covers. It covers an incident during World War II known as The Rape of Nanking. The book was written by Iris Chang and is two hundred and thirty pages long with an additional twenty four pages of pictures. The Rape of Nanking was an incident that occurred in December of 1937. Nanking at this time was the capital city of Nationalist China. During this incident Japanese soldiers raped, tortured, and killed Chinese soldiers and civilians totaling nearly three hundred thousand people. The official date that is credited to the day when Nanking fell is December 13, 1937. The Chinese government was forced to regroup elsewhere as the Japanese controlled this city until the war ended eight years later in 1945. Nanking wasnt the only part of China the Japanese controlled. It was where the worst atrocities took place and where the Chinese people were hurt the most. It all started with Japan taking the city of Manchuria. Quickly to be taken over after that were Chahar, Hopeh, Peking, Tiensin, Shangai, and then Nanking. The reasons for the Japanese attempt to takeover China were Japan had its own master race theory and they wanted to rule Asia. The reasons Nanking is remembered are the massive amounts of deaths in a short period of time and the manners in which these deaths and brutalities were committed. Statistics show that Certain countries had less civilian casualties in the entire war then the city of Nanking had in a few weeks. For example: Great Britain(61,000 civilian casualties), France(108,000 civilian casualties), and Belgium(242,000 civilian casualties). Some of the atrocities included thousands of men being dragged out to fields to be used as machine gun practice targets, people being buried alive, husbands being forced to rape their wive...

Acid mine drainage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Acid mine drainage - Essay Example This analysis will help to pin point the source of acid mine, whether it is coming from the spoil heap or mine adit. This information can be used to devise remediation measures in order to reduce the damage on the environment-river pollution. Knowledge of acid mine drainage is not only significant to authorities tasked with environmental protection but also to consultancy agencies in acid mine drainage. Lastly, mining companies need to reduce the damage to the environment by employing technologies for proper treatment of their discharges. Wetlands engineering can reduce the damages of acid mine aquatic plants and animals. It is theorized that building wetlands can mitigate AMD pollution and have lower or no future operations and maintenance costs. Acid mine drainage can be defined as both ground and surface waters of pH is ≠¤ 4.5. The Acid mine drainage is mainly caused by the oxidation reaction of surface waters with pyrite containing rocks or ores. Sulphate is found almost everywhere on this earth even in natural fresh waters (Drever, 1997). It is usually the second or third most abundant anion in rainwater, where it is derived both from natural aquatic sources and from atmospheric pollution - the sulphur component of â€Å"acid rain† as a result of fossil fuel combustion. Apart from human activities, pyrite oxidation also produces acidity, enhancing other weathering reactions. Such as, production of waters with very low pH and high sulphate concentration as a result of buffering the PH. Sulphate available comes from many anthropogenic sources: they can be coming from farms and agricultural sources. Sulphate fertilizes could be chief source of such contaminants. Sometimes they can come from other cleaning agents agents; and industrial point emissions of sulphuric acid utilised in manufacturing. Understanding the geochemical

First American Physicist Benjamin Franklin Research Paper

First American Physicist Benjamin Franklin - Research Paper Example Ben Franklin’s life shows that only those people who dare to risk securities of home, have a strong desire to learn continuously and have a great sense of humor, can lead a happy, content and meaningful life. Hence, for anyone who desires to lead a meaningful and joyful life, and desires to live every moment of life to the fullest, the characters and life of Ben Franklin can be great inspiration, as he is an epitome of qualities that lead to success and happiness in both, the personal and the professional life. Early Years Ben Franklin was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on January 17, 1706 (Glass, 2004, p. 4). Franklin had sixteen siblings and he was the fifteenth child of his parents (Glass, 2004, p. 4). He went to school at the age of eight but left the school at the age of 10 to become an apprentice to his father (Glass, 2004, p. 4). He was exposed to work life very early. However, he was very fond of reading books and never stopped learning new things (Glass, 2004, p. 5). His mind was active, sharp and curious. Ben learned how to make soaps and candles in his father’s shop (Nettleton, 2004, p. 5). However, he never liked making it and enjoyed reading better (Glass, 2004, p. 6). Even though he was able to attend the school only for two years, his interest in reading books remained intact (Nettleton, 2004, p. 6). ... 6). The interest in reading and gaining knowledge from books developed his skills and business acumen. Moreover, he learnt how to be â€Å"good, just and prudent in the conduct of life† from his father (Russell, 1926, p.5). While working under his father, Ben developed interest in different tools of making artifacts by watching â€Å"joiners, bricklayers, turners, braziers and other artificers at work† (Russell, 1926, p.5). This helped him later in life in making his own tools to conduct different experiments in his laboratory (Russell, 1926, p.5). However, Ben never liked his father’s business and also did not intend to become a clergy, as his father wanted him to be (Russell, 1926, p.7). After some time, he joined his brother in printing shop (Glass, 2004, p. 6). However, Ben soon realized that he will have to make a separate way for himself, as his relationship with his brother was not going smooth. Independent Path Benjamin Franklin’s brother James was a printer (Glass, 2004, p. 6). Ben joined his brother as an apprentice and started learning how to make new papers at his printing shop (Nettleton, 2004, p. 11). At the time he joined his brother as apprentice, Ben was just 12 years old (Russell, 1926, p.4). James used to print newspaper articles written by Ben without knowing that Ben had written them as Ben used to write them under female name (Nettleton, 2004, p. 11). When he learnt that it was Ben who was writing it, he stopped publishing them (Nettleton, 2004, p. 11). Ben was not able to carry on working with James as he argued with him a lot (Nettleton, 2004, p. 11). James was abusive (American Physics Society, n.d., para. 3) and never showed appreciation towards what Ben did. Hence, Ben ran away to Philadelphia when he was 17

News Paper Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

News Paper Summary - Essay Example The article focuses on the rising stocks in China. The stocks are attracting investors because of the cheap markets and its big economy. Shanghai’s composite index rose to the highest in the sixth consecutive day. The rise is the highest in the past nine months. The index brings it to close ranks with Hong Kong. The stocks, however, experienced dull performance most times of the year. The property market also struggled through the first half of the year. The government and banks have unveiled plans that are spurring optimism on the economy. Its currency has hit a three month high in this week only. The article is about how the New York’s bank regulator plans to install monitors at the US offices of Deutsche and Barclays banks. The plans are in accordance with plans to intensify investigations on possible foreign-exchange market manipulation. The state’s financial department has already notified the banks’ lawyers about the move. The two banks have been selected for extra scrutiny because their records compared to others hint to potential problems. Both banks have accepted to cooperate with investigators and take action on individuals found guilty. The banks have previously been engaged in other different financial wrangles with the state. They have also previously suspended and fired many senior executives and staff because of criminal and civil foreign-exchange probes. The article focuses on the rough and tough times celebrities are having with their prepaid-business cards. Celebrities such as Kardashians and Magic Johnson have closed their business card ventures. Lil Wayne has also stooped further applications. The cards help people who intend to avoid bank accounts and related fees. The cards are acceptable in business transactions where other debit and credit cards are acceptable. The celebrities face market competition from banks and other big

Assignment on human growth and development

Assignment on human growth and development This essay uses theoretical perspectives of social sciences relevant to human growth and development by demonstrating the socialisation process and the impact of family structures on the normal development of Gerry. It uses the Maslows hierarchy of needs to explore the effects of poverty on Gerrys infancy and it will use Balter, Catherin Tamis-Lemonda to support Maslows philosophy needs. Furthermore it will go on to use Bowlbys maternal deprivation hypothesis to show the effects of attachment during Gerrys infancy. More still with the use of Eriksons stages of identity versus role confusion to discuss Gerrys adolescence, the theory of generativity versus stagnation to explore his adulthood developmental task of his contributing and stagnation to society and finally the psychological crisis of ego integrity verses despair to explain the effects and causes during his development in middle adulthood. However, other psychologists theories will be used to support Eriksons theories or cri tic them. During his infancy, 0-2 years by Piaget (1936) (cited in Crawford and Walker 2009 p 22), Gerry and his family experienced poverty because his father had been made redundant. This means that Gerrys family could not afford to meet his basic needs. According to Maslows pyramedical model (1970) ( cited Steers 1998: p21 ) lower -level needs such as food, clothing and shelter have to be fulfilled to a reasonable degree before the more advanced need levels such as self actualisation, esteem, love/ belonging ,and safety are met. It can be argued that the failure of Gerrys family to meet his basic needs had a profound effect on his development. This argument is supported by Balter, Catherin Tamis- Lemonda. They argue that children growing up in poverty develop developmental delays in intellectual development. Social, emotional and behavioural problems (Balter, Catherin Tamis- Lemonda 2003: p.391) (cited Chafel, 1993 and Garbarino, 1993). Poverty goes hand in hand with gross inequality, unemployment and adverse consequences for poor people and society as a whole. Deprivation experienced by poor families affects their quality of life, their health and life expectancy and the education outcomes of their children. Poverty brings despair and fear Rebach and Bruhn (2001: p. 369). This argument is supported by Spode and Saracho, (2006) (cited in Duncan and Brook-Gunn, 1997), who say that children growing up in poverty develop more emotional and behavioural problems than children who live in above the poverty line. This is because early cognitive and behavioural outcomes show to predict later school success. Another challenge that Gerry encountered was maternal deprivation. This occurred when his mother was in hospital during the birth of Lily and as a result, Gerry had to be looked after by his grandmother. According to Bowlbys (1953, 1969) (cited in Smith, Cowe and Blades 2004 p106) maternal deprivation hypothesis, children should not be deprived of contact with the mother during a critical period when the primary attachment relationship is being formed. He also believed that both mother and baby were predisposed biologically to stay in contact and only this relationship would allow normal development. However, critiques of Bowlby like (Oakley 1981) (cited in Holmes 1993: p. 45) argue that to generalise that any separation of mother from child in the first three years of life is likely to be damaging is unwarranted. Oakley further argued that there is no harm in entrusting the infant to the care of a responsible grandmother or baby-minder. However, Archer (1992: p.32) states that Hinde and his colleagues studied the effects of shorter periods of separation from a mother on later behaviour in young rhesus monkeys. The outcomes from the studies indicated by the infants experienced mild disturbance and frustrating situations. It can then be argued that Bowlbys maternal deprivation hypotheses is better placed in explaining what Gerry went through during his separation from his mother. Another challenge that Gerry faced in his infancy was siblings rivalry. This took place at the arrival of the new born Lily. Dun (1993) (cited in Shaffer 2009; .p 388) argues that after a new baby arrives, mothers typically devote less warm and playful attention to the older child, who may respond to this perceived neglect by becoming difficult, disruptive and less securely attached. This results into a spirit of completion, jealousy or resentment between siblings. It can then be argued that the birth of Lily when Gerry was barely two years old might have left Gerry feeling neglected and unwanted because his mother had to give her attention to the new born Lily. Furthermore, Gerry experienced a long-term effect of the extreme war-related trauma which led him to suffer greater emotional difficulties and environmental distress in life. On top of that he experienced more stress when he moved homes from a familiar environment and away from his peers. According to (Bell et al 1990 and Giffoed 1994) (cited in Bell, Greene, Fisher and Baum. 2001), it is augured that environmental distress examines the relationship between the person and his physical environment. More still, Main at al (1985) also adds that the adolescent can become disorganised and disoriented by the loss and trauma if the traumatic experience is not resolved. It can be argued that the war had a profound psychological effect on his development as a 12 year old boy by 1945. Another issue in Gerrys adolescence was lack of positive attitude towards education in school although he changed this attitude while in the army and even chose to pursue an engineering career. This is because Gerry had grown up in an environment where most people worked in the factories and had low levels of education; he believed that his destiny was to work as a factory labourer since he had no environmental support especially from his father that inspired him to pursue education higher. According to Piagets (1984) (cited in van wormer, Besthorn and Keefe 2007) theory of cognitive development, school related concerns about intelligence, achievements and behaviour of learning are accumulated gradually as a function of environmental support. The Social Learning theory posits that children learn and model their social and cognitive behaviour by observing and imitating adults in their environment (Bandura, 1971). Therefore it can be argued that Gerry did not like education because he had no role model. However, it is notable the time Gerry was about to leave the military school, he was faced with the challenge of knowing who he was and what he was going to be upon returning to the community. Having been born in a poor, uneducated family and neighbourhood, it was time for him to ponder whether to remain as he was in his community or to independently identify himself. According to Erikson (1975)s psychosocial development, it appears that Gerry was faced with a stage of identity versus role confusion where adolescents redefine themselves. It should also be noted that events that happened in Gerrys adolescence seemed to have had a more buffering and compensatory effect than his depriving earlier experiences (Bowlby, 1988). The army offered him the opportunity to learn the engineering trade and one could argue that he may have found replacement experiences in form of role models and focus on career direction which prompted him to stay on even after the national service. At this stage, Gerry realised that he did not have any qualification and because of that, life would be difficult for him upon return to civilian life. However critics of the psychosocial model argue that Eriksons findings were based on clinical observations and his work lack ecological validity or statistical analyses. Although critics do hold such opinions, Rutter, (2003) points out that research results strongly support his notion on basic trust, identity, intimate relationship and the developmental crises. (Rutter, 1993 cited in Ewen, 2003). It can be argued that Gerrys identity versus role confusion was resolved by the army by offering him the opportunity to study engineering. Between the age of 40-65 by Havinghurst cited Karin and Walker, (2009, p 98) Gerry was in his middle adulthood, he faced a life with triviality, stagnation, and decline due to the detachment that happened to him during his infancy. According to Bowlbys, (1969, p. 194) attachment theory, he says that early experience in childhood has an important influence on the development and behaviour later in life and an evolutionary component; The propensity to make strong emotional bonds to particular individuals is a basic component of human nature. However Hazen and Shaver, (1987) argue that the pattern established in childhood has no impact on later relationships. More to the above, Feeney and Noller (1993) say if a child experiences avoidant attachment during infancy, as adults, they will tend to have difficulty with intimacy and close relationships. Such people do not put quality time in relationships, are not bothered when they end and normally avoid intimacy by using excuses (such as long work hours), or may fantasize about other people during sex. Their research also holds that adults with an avoidant attachment style are more accepting and likely to engage in casual sex. However Wagner (1987) argues that an adult should not be blamed for the attachment styles formed in infancy, because what ever happened during that time is not necessarily identical to that demonstrated in adult romantic-attachment. This is because a great deal of time that has gone by between infancy and adulthood. Therefore intervening experiences have played a big role in Gerrys attachment styles. Those described as ambivalent or avoidant in infancy can become securely attached as an adult. More to the above he had little to do with his parents especially his father and neither did he have a good relationship with his son. This was because during Gerrys infancy he missed out on the father-son relationship, therefore one can assume he did not get proper supervision during his adolescence and less bonding with his father hence made him have poor parenting skills. According to Banduras (1971) social-cognitive learning theory, he says behaviour is learned through observation and imitation. However, Watson and Skinners (1920) theories of classical and operant conditioning disagree with Bandura by saying that all behaviour is learned as a response to external stimuli or environment. The classical occurs when an organism learns to respond in a particular way and the stimulus does not evoke that type of response and with the operant conditioning, an organism learns through rewards and punishments. It can then be argued that Banduras social-cognitive learning theory better placed Gerrys learning of behaviour. At the age of 51 Gerry should have been looking back at in his memories and feeling fulfilled with his life, but he was faced with depression and found it hard to accept the death of his mother and father even if he did not get on well with them, the loss of relationship with his son and partners. According to Erikson, achieving a sense of integrity means fully accepting oneself, ones accomplishments, and coming to terms with mortality. Accepting responsibility for your life and being able to undo the past and achieve satisfaction with self is essential. On the other hand, Gerry may have looked back at his life with a sense of doubt or gloom over the lifes worth, hence resulting in a feeling of despair. This led to Gerry not being compassionate, more reflective and judicious, thus less tyrannized by his inner conflict and external demands. More still it is seen that Gerry had a number of loses in life and less love for others, like Edina, Elizbieta and his son Emo, retired on heath grounds. All in all, Gerrys early life has been extremely disrupted; he has had two care placements in total as well as many changes of caretakers during his first year. Evidently Gerry did not have a strong sense of bonding with his family and did not have the opportunity to develop a secure attachment during his infancy and childhood. During his middle adulthood he tried to develop an attachment when he got engaged and married to Edina, but due to his effects of separation during his infancy and childhood his internal working model is of mistrust. This led him to be promiscuous. Poverty goes hand in hand with gross inequality, unemployment and adverse consequences for poor people and society as a whole. Deprivation experienced by Gerrys family affected his quality of life, health and life expectancy and his education outcomes it also caused him despair and fear.

Medicine in the Fight against HIV/AIDS and Cancer :: Medical Treatment Chinese Papers

Medicine in the Fight against HIV/AIDS and Cancer Conventional (allopathic) medicine has been the mainstream Western approach to medicine ever since the early twentieth century. Previous to the widespread popularization of the allopathic tradition, other more holistic traditions of medicine were accepted and practiced without bias. The founding of the American Medical Association (AMA) brought with it a swift turnabout for other traditions and placed the monopoly of the industry solely in the hands of allopathic physicians. However many of the procedures and techniques for dealing with illness in conventional medicine are invasive and involve the introduction of severe and even toxic agents and many people are now expressing a desire to return to more natural means of fighting disease. The use of alternative medicine is becoming increasingly popular in the Western world, although patients are hesitant to inform their allopathic physicians of this use. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS and Cancer cases is growing in leaps daily and these diseases even represent the leading causes of mortality in some countries. Conventional medicine is undoubtedly not always able to successfully treat many of these cases but it has been suggested that a combination of allopathic and alternative therapy would increase success rates by providing the optimal treatment of illness, as in the treatment of HIV/AIDS and Cancer. Western culture should endeavor to explore alternative practices instead of brushing aside what it does not understand. There are many different forms of alternative medicine, some of which are centuries old. The term 'alternative medicine' covers the broad category of unconventional forms of medicine, many of which are not accepted by the allopathic tradition due to their inability to be evaluated under the scientific method and their consequent lack of empiricality, both of which have strong bases in the Western tradition. The systems that fall under alternative medicine are Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda, Naturopathic Medicine, Homeopathy, Osteopathic Medicine, Chiropractic, Massage Therapy and Bodywork, and Mind/Body Medicine. Five of these treatments will be discussed in their general approaches to illness as a demonstration of alternative models of medicine. Chinese Medicine is an ancient form of alternative medicine, dating back over 3000 years. The key principle of this tradition is the belief in an unseen entity called chi, which symbolizes the vital life force energy inherent in all things. Chi flows through the human body in pathways known as meridians, which enable the passage of this energizing force through all the organs of the body.

Cooked Essay

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Claudia Enc Essay examples

Claudia Enc Essay examples Claudia Enc Essay examples Claudia, Garcia SEP/4/2014 ENC 1101 Prof- D. Budinger Shooting an Elephant The story was primarily about a British man and his feelings about living in a conquered territory. He was a sub -divisional police officer of the town but he feel out of place in the community. People didn’t like him because he is a British. He had to do things that he didn’t like it to make conflicts himself. When he mentions that he killed an elephant I feel his pain of conscience. The elephant destroyed a village before it died. He didn’t want to kill the elephant but he was forced to kill it because the people want to eat it. The villagers were furious about all the mess and Orwell was called to restore the order before anything, or anyone, was hurt. While this adventure runs, he decided to kill the animal because he thought that was the best. But he knew that killing the elephant was wrong because the elephant was not doing anything to the people just cause a mess. But he did it to show the society solidarity among the villagers as a m an of authority. He knew what people wanted, and he wanted their acceptance for the reason of being the only Indian in the community. Orwell should have waited to consult the owner about what he wanted to do about the animal. Orwell uses

Motivational and Cognitive Sources of Prejudice

Motivational and Cognitive Sources of Prejudice Asian female celebrities and Caucasian men, has become one of the most common interracial pairing in America. The trend is attributed to motivational and cognitive prejudice that a particular person has towards his or her counterpart. Prejudice emanates from a special preference for a particular individual due to race, nationality, social status, or sexual orientation. Such factors have soothed Asian women to prefer Caucasian men to their Asian male counterparts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational and Cognitive Sources of Prejudice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, Caucasian men prefer Asian females due to their highly rated smartness, good body physic and social interactivity. In addition, Asian females are said to be submissive in nature. Anyone who finds himself a target of the cross-cultural frustrations will definitely defend himself as pursuing his tastes rather than guided by the et hnic stereotypes. This growing trend creates an imbalance in interracial pairing and both the Asian and Caucasian men have expressed their disappointment. The Asian female and Caucasian male interracial pairing phenomenon is attributed to the motivational sources of prejudice that exist among the parties involved. This fact is clearly elaborated in the frustration and aggression, and the social identity theories. Furthermore, frustration and aggression is further categorized into the realistic group conflict theory and the scapegoat theory. The realistic group theory is manifested in the fact that Caucasian men are striking back at the modern feminism portrayed by the Caucasian females. Most Caucasian men believe that their counterparts articulate for modern feminism, whose main agenda is equal rights for women, and in the process end up discrediting the males. Initiating and sustaining of relationships with the Caucasian females becomes complex and uncomfortable forcing the Caucasi an males to resort to Asian females who are more idealistic (Myers, 2010). Furthermore, the Caucasian men who cannot contain the masculine role that the Caucasian women play in relationships turn to women from other cultural backgrounds. They mainly prefer the Asian females. In this regard, Asian females obtain preference because of their supposed submissive nature attributed to the male dominance in relationships from their cultures. Notably, such characteristics promoted by tradition and culture are considered to be socially backward and lack value in the American standards. The scapegoat theory explains some of the reasons that coerce Caucasian men to prefer Asian females to the Caucasian females. Most Caucasian men with certain weaknesses in their character prefer dominance in relationship. Therefore, individuals with such personalities resort to Asian females whose culture advocates for submissiveness in a relationship. With this option, the Caucasian men can avoid the blame ga mes that are prevalent in relationship with women who advocate for the gender role equality.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Asian women indeed become the ultimate alternative in which Caucasian men can exercise their aggression. No matter how the Asian females get exposed to the American society, their culture still pervades unlike other individuals from different backgrounds. This has therefore substantially contributed to the rapid increase in the Caucasian men’s’ preference to the Asian women. The social identity theories propose that individuals have social groups and categories that form an important part in their self-concept. The individual personalities portrayed by both the Caucasians and the Asians reflect the need for groups, association with the in-groups and comparison with the out-groups. Most of the young people who belong to both the Caucasian and Asian background are influenced by their counterparts to follow the same path, contributing significantly to the trend. Although numerous accusations may arise that Caucasian men are taking advantage of the Asian women, their preference is attributed by the fact that Asian women are more lady-like. On the other hand, Asian women’s preference for the Caucasian men is attributed to their need for more tolerant and socially fit men. These women quickly point out that the Asian men are restricted by their stifling culture, which forces them to opt for men who are likely to bestow them more freedom. Considering that most relationships are initiated at school levels, most Asian men are academically focused and limit themselves to the classroom work forcing the Asian women to go for Caucasian men. Despite their brilliance, they do not put much effort on learning essential skills of establishing and maintaining relationships (Gilbert, 1998). In spite of the cultural values that connect people, the Asian men feel discarded when the Asian women prefer the Caucasian men to them. Asian women have developed a notion that their men are nerdy and mostly suitable for the karate-chop actions. These ideologies are mainly promoted by the media, which tend to give more favour to the Caucasian men as representing the American standards. The beauty of men as portrayed by the media is represented in terms of characters such as being smart, athletic and social. Media due to its influence on people has greatly changed the desire for women to go for ordinary men, but opt for men who fit the American standards. Such bias favours the Caucasian men in wooing the Asian women. The confidence exhibited by the Caucasian men makes them more attractive to women. A gradual decline in the number of Asian women dating Asian men creates an imbalance since few Caucasian women go for Asian men. Asian males are disadvantaged in this regard and are generally perceived as unattractive to sui t the women demands. Due to the continuous appearance of Asian women in the spotlight as representing the American beauty, the preconceptions that initially existed concerning them are now being discarded. This has influenced their preference among Caucasian men unlike the Caucasian women who are more independent.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Motivational and Cognitive Sources of Prejudice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Attribution, distinctiveness and categorisation are the cognitive source of prejudice. Categorisation is prevalent and has substantive impact on the Caucasian male and Asian women interracial pairings. With the perception of the Caucasian men as being lenient, appreciative and respectful, they are more favourable to the Asian women compared to their competitors, the Asian men. The rating of the Caucasian men by the Caucasian women as appropriate suitors and partners creates a mentality among wom en that they are the ideal men for relationships. Most Caucasian men find Asian women suitable because of the fact that the independent Caucasian women are usually short of time, preoccupied and not passionate in relationships (Baron, 2000). In this regard, the analysed perception of the desirability of the Caucasian men and Asian women relationship creates a conception that other unions are not effective. To avoid the likely disappointments in other unions most people choose the tested patterns. Homogeneity effect plays a crucial role in the pairing of the Caucasian men and Asian females. In other words the perception held by women that all Asian men are alike creates a discrepancy in the formation of relationship. Attrition refers to the stereotypic ideologies held by people that what takes place is justifiable. For most Caucasian men, there is a notion that Asian women are ideal for them and therefore a majority of them go for these women. Asian women on the other hand view the c haracteristics of the Asian men as void and weak in forming stable and enjoyable relationships. Distinctiveness mentality among the Caucasian men creates attention and forms inappropriate judgement of the realistic partners that they should have. On a large extent, it has facilitated bias in the creation of ideal and appropriate relationships. Furthermore, both the Asian men and Caucasian women have also concurred the trend and expressed disappointments and pity for the parties involved. References Baron, R. A., Byrne, D. E. (2000). Social psychology (9th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gilbert, D. T., Fiske, S. T., Lindzey, G. (1998). The handbook of social psychology (4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill ; Myers, D. G. (2010). Social psychology (10th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Fitness Exercise Training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fitness Exercise Training - Essay Example This is the case considering that videos and animations may contain rich forms and extraneous details which present information in a way that is more complex compared to an animation. In this respect, a video is more likely to overburden the working memory of learners to the extent that they may not be able to store whatever they have learnt in their long-term memory (Mayer & Clark, p. 316). Furthermore, videos may provide information that may distract the learners from focusing on the main message being passed to the. On the other hand, still diagrams may be less motivating to the learners. Using still diagrams as the preferred option is consistent with the results of different studies that show that they are more effective than videos and animations (Mayer & Clark, p. 316). As the instructor uses still diagrams to teach about exercising, it is best for them to accompany the diagrams with audio narration. This is consistent with several findings from research (such as those done by Moreno (2006); Sweller 2005; and Ginns (2005)) that show audio narration to be more effective than printed text when it comes to learning (Mayer & Clark, p. 317).

Foundations of Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Foundations of Marketing - Essay Example Price - Product packaging plays an important role in per unit price of a chocolate brand. The availability of bite-sized, large-sized and a bag of chocolates packaging for world-known brands enables price flexibility and affordability. Using this packaging strategy, consumers can easily avail of the product depending on their consumption capacity and budget. Place - Chocolate and confectionery shops are the foremost selling venue of chocolates. World-known brands are available in retail shops, like supermarkets and convenience stores, for easy and mass consumption using the distribution channels in efficiently delivering their products to the end consumers. Customised chocolates are sold in chocolate shops. E-commerce also provides a virtual venue in chocolate shopping. While world-class chocolate manufacturers, because of its mass production and distribution method transact in business-to-business setup, majority of local chocolate shops conduct business to individual transaction on the web. Promotion - Global chocolate producers use the push strategy in promoting their products. It is by advertising via the mass media that they are able to promote their product. Local chocolate producers utilise more personalised approach, using promotional offers and the Internet. 2. Positioning Map With this position map, we can see how the each chocolate firm can effectively execute its marketing efforts. Upon knowing their current position in the business environment they are in, they can create ways to maximize their promotion to this defined segment and act efficiently to this. Let us take the above position map to expound on the benefits of positioning a company. Based on the map above both Cadbury and M&Ms should heavily rely on advertisement... Foundations of Marketing Let us take the above position map to expound on the benefits of positioning a company. Based on the map above both Cadbury and M&Ms should heavily rely on advertisement and other mass promotional schemes to market diversified products that will cater to the different segments in the global market. Their globally known brand names and extensive production capacity brought about by its global chocolate market dominance, they have the edge in doing business on a large scale. In spite of several advantages of marketing segmentation, there are still visible disadvantages of marketing segmentation. One of these is the possibility of inflexibility with regards to the variations in the market. Even a minimal shift in the number of population or preferences of customers can create marketing problems, which if not addressed immediately can immensely affect the company’s marketing campaign. Another problem of concentrating marketing activities in a single market segment is its difficulty in market expansion. There is a tendency for the firm to be stuck in a single consumer base, which can entail vulnerability to profit loss, especially in the currently dynamic business environment. In short, mass marketing minimises a company’s susceptibility to inflexibility to the ever-changing market. However, the present marketing campaigns of multinationals which are likely to perform this method because of its capitalization on the benefits of economies of sc ale, involve the localisation and segmentation of their marketing campaign in a particular country.

Volkswagen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Volkswagen - Essay Example Additionally, the paper also discusses the company’s SBUs and growth strategies to assist the creation of a clearer stance on the development of Volkswagen’s strategic direction. Appraisal of strategic decisions is also conducted to provide direction for further considerations and research. Recommendations focus on the expansion of Volkswagen in developing markets by application of current strategies and the enhancement of its position in the markets of India, China and Brazil. 1. Introduction As one of the key players in its industry, German automobile manufacturer Volkswagen stands as the 14th largest company in the world according to Forbes (2013). Relying on the foundations of advancing corporate social responsibility and sustainability through its operations, Volkswagen’s mission extends to the provision of customer satisfaction, which is a practice that the company hopes would lead to its attainment of the first position in the global automotive industry by the year 2018. For the purposes of realizing its objectives, the company implements and follows what is known as a group strategy across its departments in order to fulfill its aim of recording 10 million sales of automobiles in a year and generating a pre-tax profit margin of 8% (Volkswagen 2011). This report comprehensively covers the aspects of Volkswagen’s strategic position and strategic direction in addition to a critical evaluation of Volkswagen Group’s strategy to highlight the company’s path in meeting its long term objectives effectively. 2. ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC POSITION 2.1 External Analysis In examining the external position of Volkswagen Group, this section of the report utilizes the evaluations of tools such as the PESTEL analysis, Porter’s Five Forces analysis and the industry life cycle. 2.1.1 PESTEL ANALYSIS POLITICAL The UNECE agreement introduced in 1958 was initiated by the EU to provide an incentive to automakers operating within th e political region by diminishing compliance costs. While, the UNECE agreement is critical to enhancing Volkswagen’s cost efficiency the Cars 2020 reform proposed by the EU will allow the company to expand its geographical reach (European Commission 2013). ECONOMIC Following the global economic downturn, analysts such as Pearson (2013) are predicting a gradual and steady recovery in Europe’s demand for automobiles which had diminished to a great extent. Both the consistency in demand for cars outside of the EU and a revival in demand within the EU is a positive sign for Volkswagen Group. SOCIAL The market positioning of Volkswagen’s brands has significantly assisted its aim of catering to the unpredictably of social transitions and changes in consumer preferences. By balancing cars that offer great value and automobiles such as the Phaeton that is designed for the high-end customer, Volkswagen Group is greatly equipped with facing any amendments with regards to social factors. TECHNOLOGICAL Volkswagen has increased its investments in R&D and constant innovation owing to the competitiveness of the automobile industry. The relentless efforts of the company’s R&D and innovations department have led to the development of technologies such as BlueMotion, Assistance systems and TDI. ENVIRONMENTAL

War News Censorship Essay Example for Free

War News Censorship Essay Censorship is a general term used to describe the manner at which control of information and its circulation is being employed within a society. Censorship is often administrated with the goal to implicate political suppression and to deliberately impose moral values on others. It can be implemented through government and private pressures, although government sponsored censorship is rendered unconstitutional (â€Å"What is Censorship† 1 ). In the global context, censorship is employed is various ways and behind different rationales. The earliest argument used to rationalized censorship is with respect to religious context, it inculcates values for conscience and moral entities that can make censorship acceptable to the public. Another, issues on national security and defense is also used to justify the censorship. â€Å"Censorship through intimidation† and â€Å"censorship though consensus† are also possible to be employed (â€Å"What is Censorship† 2) On the context of war news media, censorship is used as a tool for propaganda. In every war, there are two battles fought; one is in the battlefield, and the other is through the minds of the people made possible in the propaganda and news releases that are being circulated. The labeling used between the â€Å"good guys† and the â€Å"bad guys† are done in such a way that the media and the government can influence the minds of their readers and the majority of the people to support their cause, or to develop a sense of legitimacy on why they are really ought to be involved in a war. Misleading the people is possible through (1) only covering selected stories; (2) giving out only partial facts; (3) reinforcing reasons and motivations; (4) narrow sources of â€Å"experts† and other resource persons; (5) demonizing their opponents; and (6) narrow range of discourse (Shah, 2005). Moreover, war news media is being censored to restrict and to minimize occurrences for leakage of war photos which are deemed to be violent. Thus, this aspect of censorship is deemed to have implications on the moral values of the people. In a way, censorship is also employed to eliminate the possibility that people will become violent if continuously, they are exposed to violent images and occurrences behind the war (â€Å"What is Censorship† 1 ). Vietnam Era   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vietnam War was the first war that was given full access and full freedom to the journalists. During this era, the journalists were given the freedom to report the war as they have seen it, and they were able to publish images in order to enable to let the public view the war in the most accurate possible way. The earlier war occurrences were beneficial to the American community. The events before the Tet Offensive were proven to have gathered support for the American offensive. However, the spark of the American Embassy in Saigon, as it been publicly watched by the American people, signaled the defeat of the American troops and consequently they have become doubtful to the then present President Johnson’s credibility. Consequently though, this event has led the American support for the war to decrease and falter (Media’s Role in the Vietnam Era) These turn of events, the complete media access and the full freedom to journalistic reporting has proven to be detrimental to the flight of American troops. The outcome of the media coverage and the humiliating coverage of the American defeat in the war have caused the morale of the US soldiers to surge down; and in turn, have boosted the morale of the Vietnamese soldiers which was during this time, were perceived to be the enemy. Further, the media coverage has implicated that the war was more like a â€Å"Communist victory† rather than just plainly the failure of the Tet Offensive. Thus, the war’s ultimate failure to repress the growing Communist idealism in Vietnam was blamed on television and media – that the public has turned against their support against Vietnam War was due to the media’s accurate depiction of the horrors that were inculcated in the war (Humphreys). Contemporary War: Iraq War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The war in Iraq is currently viewed as media’s â€Å"crisis coverage†. This contemporary war occurrence has also proved the innate strong influence of media, as they still have contributed a delicate role in the anti-Iraq hysteria. The media has published sinister images of the Iraqi leaders that connoted the meaning that they are indeed enemies (Smith, 2001). More so, the media’s mainstream performance has caused the Iraq War to become a disaster. The subjective allegations of the Bush administration that were further accepted , published and proliferated by the media have served as direct blows that further hastened the development of the war. And though there were critical journalists who raised questions despite the growing support for the Iraq war, still the damage of unfair reporting and biased presentation of information has caused the war to further burn (Iraq and the Media).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, aside from the military conflicts and aggression, the Iraq War is more likely a â€Å"war of ideas†, in which the US government has instigated first. The obvious fact is that, the US has anchored their attack solely on the basis of allegations which up to now haven’t been proven to be accurate. And despite the oppositions to the war due to insufficient proofs of Iraq’s direct US threat, the US government has still pushed to the war (Regan 2006). And now, they are under the pressure of winning this â€Å"war of ideas† in order to keep US support from the majority of the world community, which is attainable through strategic dispensing of information and tactical censorship of ideas that are flowing in the global community.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, the current war in Iraq has once again instituted the means for media censorship. In contrast to the Vietnam War wherein full coverage was given to access the entire war discourse, the current aggression in Iraq has proven to be rather selective and biased on which issues are to be leaked outside for the media to circulate. Moreover, the media along with the military have also covered up the truth behind the occurrences of war – they have been leaking false tallies of war casualties and other records that are relevant to assess the true status of the war. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   War news censorship indeed plays an integral role in any war occurrences. In Vietnam, less censorship has led to the tumbling down of war support from the US community, due to the adversaries that were shown by the media as they were entitled for full coverage of the war. On the other hand, the war on Iraq which is currently under minimal media coverage, in addition to the highly censored and filtered nature of news standards, the US government is able to gather the support from the global community. Further, war news censorship has also greatly influenced the morale of the people who are directly and indirectly involved in the war. Positive or negative feedbacks gathered from media coverage relatively affects the feelings, attachments and morale of the people involved. Works Cited Humphreys, Donald. War on Television. The Museum of Broadcast Communications. 4 December 2007 http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/W/htmlW/warontelevi/warontelevi.htm Iraq and the Media. 19 March 2007. Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting. 4 December 2007 http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=3062 Media’s Role in the Vietnam Era. Trinity College, Department of History. 4 December 2007 http://www.trincoll.edu/classes/hist300/media.htm Regan, Tom. Experts: US Must Win â€Å"War of Ideas†. 16 June 2006. CSMONITOR.COM. 4 December 2007 http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0616/dailyUpdate.html Shah, Anup. War, Propaganda and Media. 31 March 2005. Global Issues. 4 December 2007 http://www.globalissues.org/HumanRights/Media/Military.asp Smith, Sharon. â€Å"Targeting Iraq: US Hypocrisy and Media Lies.† International Socialist Review. November-December 2001. What is Censorship?(1) American Civil Liberties Union. 4   December 2007. http://www.aclu.org/freespeech/censorship/26611res20060830.html What is Censorship?(2) 4 December 2007 http://www.gilc.org/speech/osistudy/censorship/